Clinical observation on cluster acupuncture at scalp points combined with exercise therapy in treatment of limb spasm after stroke / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of cluster acupuncture at scalp points in treating limb spasm after stroke on the basis of conventional exercise therapy.@*METHODS@#A total of 72 patients with limb spasm after stroke were randomly divided into an observation group (36 cases, 5 cases dropped off) and a control group (36 cases, 6 cases dropped off). The control group was treated with exercise therapy. In the observation group, on the basis of the control group, penetrating technique of acupuncture was exerted at Qianding (GV 21) to Baihui (GV 20), Xinhui (GV 22) to Qianding (GV 21), etc. once a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the changes of the modified Ashworth scale (MAS), simplified Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA), and modified Barthel index (MBI) scores of the two groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the MAS scores of upper and lower limbs in the two groups were lower than before treatment (P<0.05), and those in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of FMA and BMI in the two groups were higher than before treatment (P<0.05), and the score of MBI in the observation group was higher than the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#On the basis of conventional exercise therapy, cluster acupuncture at scalp points can reduce the spasm, improve motor function and activities of daily living in patients with limb spasm after stroke.

Cross-cultural comparisons of motor competence in southern Brazilian and Portuguese schoolchildren

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to compare the MC levels of Brazilian and Portuguese schoolchildren from 4 to 11 years. Methods: One hundred and forty-eight Brazilian children were evaluated using the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) instrument and were later compared to the existent normative values of Portuguese children for a similar age range. Results: Our findings showed that MC increased with age, and boys outperformed girls, especially in the older age group. The distribution of the Brazilian children showed that while Brazilian boys perform above Portuguese normative values in 4 of the 6 tasks of the MCA, Brazilian girls perform below those values in all tasks, except for the standing long jump. Conclusion: The differences found, especially in girls, may be related to differences in the Physical Education curricula and how school recess periods are used.

Comparação do desempenho motor de crianças entre escolas públicas de tempo parcial e integral / Comparison of motor performance of children between part-time and full time public schools

O ensino em tempo integral vem sendo implantado gradativamente nas escolas públicas brasileiras nas últimas décadas, o que vem estimulando pesquisas sobre seus efeitos em diferentes aspectos educacionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o desempenho motor de crianças matriculadas em escolas públicas de tempo parcial e integral. Foram avaliadas 159 crianças, com idades entre 7 e 8 anos, sendo 84 (52,8%) do sexo masculino, das quais 77 (48,4%) estavam matriculadas no ensino em tempo parcial e 82 (51,6%) no ensino em tempo integral, todas no 3º ano do ensino fundamental de quatro escolas públicas municipais na cidade de Maringá-PR. O Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) foi utilizado como instrumento de medida para avaliar o desempenho motor das crianças. Para análise dos dados quantitativos foi utilizada estatística descritiva, o teste de normalidade Kolgomorov-Smirnov, e o Teste U de Mann Whitney para as comparações das variáveis de desempenho motor. Adotou-se nível de significância de p<0,05. Evidenciou-se que a maioria das crianças avaliadas demonstrou um nível de desenvolvimento motor abaixo da média referenciada para a idade. Não houve diferença significativa no desempenho motor quando comparadas crianças de escolas públicas de tempo parcial e integral, tampouco houve diferença entre os sexos. Desta forma, concluiu-se que o turno escolar extra e suas atividades complementares não exerceram influência capaz de favorecer o desenvolvimento motor das crianças matriculadas em escolas públicas de tempo integral. Ou ainda, indicando que o contexto escolar não é exclusivamente determinante para o desenvolvimento motor das crianças, haja vista que elas estão inseridas também em outros contextos extraescolar.(AU)

: Full-time education has been gradually implemented in Brazilian public schools in recent decades, which has been stimulating research on its effects in different educational aspects. The aim of this study was to compare the motor performance of children enrolled in part-time and full-time public schools. Were assessment 159 children, aged between 7 and 8 years, 84 (52.8%) males, of which 77 (48.4%) were enrolled in partial education and 82 (51.6%) in full-time education, all in the 3rd. year of the elementary school from four municipal public schools in the city of Maringá-PR. The Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) was used as a measurement instrument to assess the motor performance of chlidren. For the analysis of the quantitative data we used descriptive statistics, the Kolgomorov-Smirnov normality test, and the Mann-Whitney U test for the comparisons of motor performance variables. A significance level of p≤0.05 was adopted. It was evidenced that the majority of the children evaluated demonstrated a level of motor development below the age-referenced average. There was no significant difference in motor performance when compared to children from public schools of part-time and full time, nor was there a difference between the sexes. Thus, it was concluded that the extra school shift and its complementary activities did not exert an influence capable of favoring the motor development of children enrolled in full-time public schools. Or, indicating that the school context is not exclusively determinant for the motor development of the children, since they are also inserted in other contexts outof-school.(AU)

Ktk motor test: review of the main influencing variables / Teste motor ktk: revisão das principais variáveis influenciadoras

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the scientific literature regarding the effects of external variables on KTK motor test scores and to verify which motor tests are associated with KTK. Data sources: Four databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO - and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature - LILACS) were used to search for studies in which the descriptors Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder and KTK were presented in the title, abstract and keywords. Inclusion criteria were: articles published in English or Portuguese from January 2006 to December 2016; free access to the article in full and texts available online; presenting the descriptor terms mentioned above in the title, abstract or keywords; containing sample with children and adolescents aged 4 to 16 years old; being indexed in a journal with a rating of B2 or higher (WebQualis; Qualis 2016) for the area of physical education. The following were excluded: studies in books, chapters of books, theses and dissertations; duplicate scientific articles; conference summaries; articles published in proceedings and abstracts of congresses. Data synthesis: After the three stages of selection (identification, screening and eligibility) and the criteria proposed at the PICOS scale, 29 studies were included in this review. Conclusions: Body composition and the regular practice of physical activities were the variables that presented the greatest influence on KTK. It is important that health professionals working with the pediatric public encourage regular physical activity to improve body composition and, thus, to obtain better KTK scores. Additionally, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) test had the highest positive correlation with the KTK test.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a literatura científica quanto aos efeitos de variáveis externas nos escores do teste motor KTK e verificar quais testes motores se associam ao KTK. Fonte de dados: Quatro bases de dados (PubMed, Science Direct, Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO - e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde - LILACS) foram utilizadas para busca de estudos em que os descritores Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder e KTK foram apresentados no título, no resumo e nas palavras-chave. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos publicados em língua inglesa ou portuguesa de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2016; acesso livre na íntegra e textos disponíveis on-line; apresentação dos termos descritores supracitados no título, no resumo ou nas palavras-chave; conter amostra com crianças e adolescentes de quatro a 16 anos; estar indexado em uma revista com classificação igual ou superior a B2 (WebQualis; Qualis 2016) para a área de educação física. Foram excluídos: estudos em livros, capítulos de livros, teses e dissertações; artigos científicos duplicados; resumos de conferências; artigos publicados em anais; e resumos de congressos. Síntese dos dados: Após três etapas de seleção (identificação, triagem e elegibilidade) e os critérios propostos na escala PICOS, 29 estudos foram incluídos nesta revisão. Conclusões: A composição corporal e a prática regular de atividades físicas foram as variáveis que apresentaram maior influência no KTK. Parece ser importante que os profissionais da saúde que atuam com o público pediátrico incentivem a prática regular de atividades físicas para melhorias da composição corporal e, assim, para a obtenção de melhores escores no KTK. Adicionalmente, o teste Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) apresentou a maior correlação positiva com o teste KTK.

Effectiveness Of Neuro-Muscular Electrical Stimulations (NMES) In Reducing Subluxation Of The Shoulder After Stroke: Randomized Controlled Experimental Study

Background: Shoulder subluxation in stroke is one of the most common and challenging squeals. Shoulder subluxation limits the patient’s daily activities, and it may lead to permanent disability. NMES (NeuroMuscular Electrical Stimulation) had been studied widely on shoulder subluxation with controversial results, but no evidence is reported of its effectiveness in shoulder subluxation. As NMES helps in producing strong contraction and thereby helps in improving the strength of the muscles and as it also helps in learning to contract appropriate muscles, this study was made to examine the Effectiveness of Electrical Stimulations in reducing Subluxation of the Shoulder after Stroke. Method: Study design, A Randomized control experimental design of 30 subjects. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups, experimental (NMES group) and control (Non-NMES group) with 15 subjects in each group. Outcome measures were taken before and after the intervention on both the groups by using ‘Pain Estimation Scale’ (PES), 'Subluxation Grading’ by X-rays (AP view) and upper arm section of ‘Motor Assessment Scale’(MAS). Experimental group electrodes were placed over posterior deltoid and supraspinatus. Treatment time was 30 mints two times a day for five days in a week and six weeks. Results: Comparison of electrical stimulation with non-electrical stimulation was done by considering the differences of pre and post treatments in both groups and significance is observed by using independent sample t-test. Statistical analysis proved that there was significant (p<0.05) improvement using NMES compared to NON-NMES in all the three parameters. Conclusion: Electrical stimulation has shown significant improvement in reducing shoulder subluxation, pain and increased motor recovery of the arm in stroke patients compared to the patient's given non-electrical stimulation training.

Motor skill disorder of children with autism spectrum disorder / 中国实用儿科杂志

Children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)may suffer from motor skill dysfunction,and perform as motor delay,coordination disorder,fitness decline,visual-motor integration disorder and so on,which disturb their daily life,school-based activities,and other social activities. Due to the obvious core symptoms of children with ASD,the problem of motor skills may be ignored. Children with ASD should be monitored for the motor development at their early stage and be evaluated with proper assessment tools. Children with ASD should be trained with individualized plan according to their features in order to develop motor skills and improve the core symptoms. As evidence of motor intervention for children with ASD is increasing,we should pay more attention to the motor skill dysfunction problem in children with ASD and make them benefit from the motor intervention and sport program.

Efeitos da Intervenção Motora em uma Criança com Síndrome de Williams / Effects of Motor Intervention in a Child With Williams Syndrome

RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento motor de uma criança com Síndrome de Williams e verificar os efeitos de um programa de intervenção motora. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva do tipo estudo de caso. Para a avaliação do desenvolvimento motor foram utilizados os testes da Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor - EDM. Essa criança participou de avaliação motora, intervenção motora (32 sessões, duas vezes semanais) e reavaliação motora. As intervenções motoras mostraram avanços positivos nas áreas da motricidade fina, equilíbrio e organização espacial. Verificou-se que o esquema corporal e a organização temporal foram as áreas de maior prejuízo. O quociente motor geral foi classificado como muito inferior o que caracteriza déficit motor. Esses dados justificam a relevância de programas de intervenção motora para essa população.

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the motor development of a child with Williams syndrome and to verify the effect of a motor intervention program. This is a descriptive case study. Motor development was evaluated using the Motor Development Scale - MDS. The child's motor assessment, motor intervention (32 sessions, twice weekly) and motor reevaluation were carried out. Gains were demonstrated in motor intervention in the areas of fine motor skills, balance and spatial organization. Body Schema and temporal organization were found to be the areas of lesser achievement. The motor quotient generally for all items was classified as very low, characterizing motor deficit. The data justifies the relevance of motor intervention programs for children with Williams syndrome.

Indicativo de transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação de escolares com idade entre 7 e 10 anos / Indicative of developmental coordination disorder in students aged between 7 to 10 years / Indicativo del trastorno del desarrollo de la coordinación en estudiantes de 7 a 10 años de edad

O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar os participantes, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 7 e 10 anos, quanto à presença do indicativo de Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação - TDC. Participaram do estudo 406 crianças de uma escola municipal de São José/SC, com idades entre 7 e 10 anos, sendo 231 meninas e 175 meninos. As avaliações motoras e o indicativo de TDC foram realizados tendo como referência o Movement Assessment Battery for Children - primeira edição (MABC-1; HENDERSON; SUGDEN, 1992). A prevalência do indicativo de TDC foi de 11,1%, valor este considerado elevado quando comparado aos divulgados em pesquisas internacionais, porém semelhante aos percentuais encontrados em estudos realizados no Brasil.

The objective of this study was to characterize the participants of both sexes, aged between 7 and 10 years, regarding to the presence of the Developmental Coordination Disorder - DCD. A group of 406 children aged between 7 to 10 years old, being 231 girls and 175 boys from a public school in São José/SC participated of this study. The motor assessments and indicative of DCD were made according to the Movement Assessment Battery for Children - First Edition (MABC-1; HENDERSON; SUGDEN, 1992). The prevalence of the indicative of DCD was 11,1%, value considered high when compared to reports of international researchs, but similar to the percentage found in other Brazilian studies.

El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar a los participantes de ambos sexos, con edad comprendida entre 7 y 10 años, con respecto a los indicativos de la presencia del trastorno de desarrollo de la coordinación - TDC. Participaron en el estudio 406 estudiantes de una escuela pública de São José/SC, con edad comprendida entre 7 y 10 años (231 niñas y 175 niños). El instrumento utilizado fue el Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Primera edición (MABC-1; HENDERSON; SUGDEN, 1992). La prevalencia del indicativo del TDC fue 11,1%, considerado alto en comparación con las investigaciones internacionales, pero similar a otros estudios realizados en Brasil.

The psychometric characteristics of Neonatal Oral-motor Assessment Scale in clinical practice / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To examine the psychometric characteristics of the Neonatal Oral-motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) and the influence of evaluation time on assessment results of oral motor skills for preterm infants,and to provide advice for the application of oral-motor assessment in clinic practice.Methods Following Palmer's method,a video recording was made for the preterm infants at different age during the first 2 min of nutritive sucking(NS).We stored the recordings on a digital videodisc and two NOMAS assessors assessed each recording.Results The NOMAS had acceptable internal consistency for less than 35 weeks' PMA (postmenstrual age).Moderate correlation were found between scores on the NOMAS and feeding performance for less than 35 weeks' PMA (normal sucking r=0.58,sucking disorder r=-0.61).The NOMAS demonstrated low responsiveness to changes in oral-motor skill in a week period,ranging from 33 to 36 weeks' PMA (SRM=0.02～0.49).The NOMAS scores for evaluating 30 seconds and 2 minutes were not consistent,the former scores was higher.Conclusions The reliability and validity of NOMAS were acceptable in assessing the oral-motor function of preterm infants for less than 35 weeks' PMA.The evaluation time of NOMAS was suitable for 2 min.

Correlação da classificação funcional, desempenho motor e comparação entre diferentes classes em atletas praticantes de rugby em cadeira de rodas / Correlation of functional classification, motor performance and comparison between different classes in athletes practicing rugby in wheelchairs

O rugby em cadeira de rodas (RCR) é uma modalidade paraolímpica, praticada por atletas tetraplégicos ou que apresentem um quadro equivalente. Apresenta um sistema de classificação funcional (CF), com sete classes que varia de 0,5 à 3,5 pontos. Objetivo: Correlacionar os valores do desempenho motor nos testes de campo com a classificação funcional dos atletas de RCR e comparar o desempenho dos atletas com CF baixa (0,5 a 1,5) e alta (2,0 a 3,5). Métodos: Participaram do estudo nove atletas (lesão medular de C4 a T1), do sexo masculino, com idades entre 20 e 35 anos. Foram aplicados testes de resistência em 12 minutos, corrida de 20 metros e o teste de agilidade. A análise estatística foi realizada através do pacote estatístico R-plus® 2.11.0. Para avaliar a normalidade dos dados foi realizado o teste de Shapiro-Wilk. Foi realizada Matriz de Correlação entre a CF com o desempenho nos testes motores e nível neurológico dos atletas. Também foram feitas comparações entre os resultados obtidos dos atletas de pontuação baixa com os de pontuação alta, usando os testes “t” de student para amostras independentes nos dados normais e o teste Wilcoxon para os dados que não apresentaram normalidade, considerando um valor de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Os sujeitos registraram média de 1446,9±472,3m no teste de resistência 12 minutos; 15,69±8,71mL(kg/min)-1para o VO2máx; 8,1±2,24s no teste de velocidade e 26,40±7,51s no teste de agilidade. Os testes apresentaram correlação de moderada a alta com a CF. Na comparação entre grupos, os atletas com CF alta tiveram melhor performance nos testes de agilidade e velocidade. Conclusão: Sugere-se para futuros estudos, avaliar amostras mais numerosas a fim de afirmar os resultados encontrados, além de adicionar aos testes quantificações das ações técnicas e táticas em quadra, correlacionando-as com a CF dos atletas.

The wheelchair rugby (WR) is a Paralympic sport, practiced by quadriplegic athletes or have an equivalent impairment. Presents a system of functional classification (FC) with seven classes ranging from 0.5 to 3.5 points. Purpose: The aim of this study was to correlate the performance in the field tests to the functional classification of WR athletes and compare the performance of athletes with low CF (0.5 to 1.5) and high (2.0 to 3, 5). Methods: The study included nine athletes (spinal cord injury at C4 to T1), male, aged between 20 and 35. Were applied 12, 20m sprint and agility test. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical package R-plus ® 2.11.0. To assess the normality of data was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk. Correlation Matrix was held between the FC with performance on motor tests and neurological level of the athletes. Also comparisons were made between the results of athletes with low scores to high scores, using t-tests of student for independent samples in the normal data and Wilcoxon test for data that was not normal, considering a p value ≤ 0.05. Results: The subjects reported an average of 1446.9 ± 472.3 m in 12 minutes endurance test, 15.69 ± 8.71 mL (kg min) -1 for VO2max, 8.1 ± 2.24 s in the speed test and 26.40 ± 7.51 s in the agility test. The tests showed moderate to high correlation with F. In the comparison between groups, athletes with high FC had higher scores in tests of agility and speed. Conclusions: It is suggested for future studies to assess more numerous samples in order to affirm the findings, and add tests quantification of technical and tactical actions in court, correlating them with the FC athletes.

Tradução, adaptação e confiabilidade interexaminadores do manual de administração da escala de Fugl-Meyer / Translation, adaptation and inter-rater reliability of the administration manual for the Fugl-Meyer assessment

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Recentemente a confiabilidade da versão brasileira da Escala de Fugl-Meyer (EFM) foi avaliada pela pontuação dada pela observação de um único examinador que aplicou a escala. Quando diferentes examinadores aplicam a escala, a confiabilidade pode depender da interpretação dada à ficha de avaliação. Nesse caso, um manual de administração claro é fundamental para garantir homogeneidade na aplicação. OBJETIVOS: Traduzir e adaptar para o português-Brasil a versão do Manual de Administração em francês-canadense da EFM e avaliar a confiabilidade interexaminadores quando diferentes examinadores aplicam a EFM com base nas informações contidas no manual. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 18 adultos (59±10 anos) com hemiparesia crônica (38±35 meses pós-Acidente Vascular Encefálico). Oito sujeitos participaram da primeira parte do estudo e dez, da segunda parte. Baseada na análise dos resultados da parte 1, desenvolveu-se uma versão adaptada à qual foram adicionadas informações e fotos para ilustrar a posição do paciente e do examinador. A confiabilidade interexaminadores foi avaliada com o Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI). RESULTADOS: A confiabilidade da EFM baseada na versão adaptada do manual foi excelente para o escore motor total do membro superior (MS, CCI=0,98) e membro inferior (MI, CCI=0,90), sentido de movimento (CCI=0,98), amplitude de movimento (ADM) passiva do MS (CCI=0,84) e do MI (CCI=0,90) e moderada para a sensibilidade tátil (0,75). A avaliação da dor articular apresentou baixa confiabilidade. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostram que, com exceção da avaliação da dor, a aplicação da EFM com base na versão adaptada do manual de aplicação em português-Brasil apresenta adequada confiabilidade interexaminadores.

BACKGROUND: Recently, the reliability of the Brazilian version of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) was assessed through the scoring given according to observations made by a single evaluator who applied the test. When different raters apply the scale, the reliability may depend on the interpretation given to the assessment sheet. In such cases, a clear administration manual is essential for ensuring homogeneity of application. OBJECTIVES: To translate and adapt the French Canadian version of the FMA administration manual into Brazilian Portuguese and to evaluate the inter-rater reliability when different evaluators apply the FMA on the basis of the information contained in the manual. METHODS: Eighteen adults (59±10 years) with chronic hemiparesis (38±35 months after a stroke) took part in this study. Eight patients participated in the first part of the study and 10 in the second part. Based on analyzing the results from part 1, an adapted version was developed, in which information and photos were added to illustrate the positions of the patient and evaluator. The inter-rater reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: The reliability of the FMA based on the adapted version of the manual was excellent for the total motor scores for the upper limbs (ICC=0.98) and lower limbs (ICC=0.90), as well as for movement sense (ICC=0.98) and upper and lower-limb passive range of motion (ICC=0.84 and 0.90, respectively). The reliability was moderate for tactile sensitivity (0.75). The joint pain assessment presented low reliability. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that, except for pain assessment, application of the FMA based on the adapted version of the application manual for Brazilian Portuguese presented adequate inter-rater reliability.

Clinical Usefulness of Schedule for Oral-Motor Assessment (SOMA) in Children with Dysphagia

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical usefulness of the Schedule for Oral-Motor Assessment (SOMA) in children with dysphagia by comparing findings of SOMA with those of the videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). METHOD: Both SOMA and VFSS were performed in 33 children with dysphagia (21 boys and 12 girls; mean age 17.3+/-12.1 months) who were referred for oropharyngeal evaluation. Ratings of oral-motor functions indicated by SOMA were based upon the cutting score of each specific texture of food (puree, semi-solids, solids, cracker, liquid-bottle, and liquid-cup). Abnormalities of either the oral phase, or the pharyngeal phase as indicated by VFSS were assessed by a physician and a speech-language pathologist. RESULTS: There was significant consistency between the findings of SOMA and the oral phase evaluation by VFSS (Kappa=0.419, p=0.023). SOMA reached 87.5% sensitivity, 66.6% specificity, and 95.4% positive predictive value when compared with the oral phase of the VFSS. We were able to evaluate oral-motor function by using SOMA in 6 children who were unable to complete the oral phase evaluation by VFSS, due to fear and crying during the study. The findings of SOMA failed to show any consistency with the pharyngeal phase evaluation by VFSS (Kappa=-0.105, p=0.509). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that SOMA is a reliable method for evaluation of oral-motor function in children with dysphagia. In particular, SOMA is recommended for children that were unable to complete the oral phase evaluation by VFSS due to poor cooperation.

Avaliação e intervenção no desenvolvimento motor de uma criança com Síndrome de Down / Assessment and intervention in the motor development of a child with Down Syndrome

o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o desenvolvimento motor de uma criança com síndrome de Down e verificar os efeitos de um programa de intervenção motora específica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva do tipo estudo de caso. Para a avaliação do desenvolvimento motor foram utilizados os testes da Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor - EDM que analisa as áreas da motricidade fina e global, equilíbrio, esquema corporal, organização espacial e temporal/linguagem, e lateralidade. Essa criança participou, respectivamente, de avaliação motora, intervenção motora (32 sessões, 2 vezes semanais) e reavaliação motora. As intervenções motoras mostraram avanços positivos nas áreas da motricidade global, equilíbrio e organização espacial. A motricidade fina, esquema corporal e a organização temporal /linguagem não apresentaram avanços. Verificou-se que a linguagem foi a área de maior prejuízo. O quociente motor em todos os itens foi classificado como muito inferior, o que se caracteriza como déficit motor. Esses dados justificam a relevância de programas de intervenção motora para essa população.

the objective of this study was to analyze the motor development of a child with Down syndrome and to verify the effect of a specific motor intervention program. This is a descriptive research case study. Motor development was evaluated using the Motor Development Scale - MDS, which analyzes both fine and gross motor skills as well as balance, body schema, spatial and temporal organization, language, and laterality. This child participated, respectively, of the motor assessment, motor intervention (32 sessions, twice weekly) and motor reevaluation. Gains were demonstrated in motor intervention in the areas of the gross motor skills, balance and spatial organization. No improvement was shown in fine motor skills, body schema and temporal organization/ language. Language was found to be the area of lowest achievement. The motor quotient for all items was classified as very low, characterizing motor deficit. The data justifies the relevance of motor intervention programs for children with Down syndrome.

Desenvolvimento motor de criança com paralisia cerebral: avaliação e intervenção / Motor development of children with cerebral palsy: assessment and intervention

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o desenvolvimento motor de uma criança com idade cronológica de 10 anos com paralisia cerebral do tipo atáxica e os efeitos de um programa de atividades motoras no meio aquático. O desenvolvimento motor foi mensurado seguindo os procedimentos propostos no Manual de Avaliação Motora e o programa de intervenção das atividades motoras no meio aquático foi realizada no Serviço Social da Indústria - SESI/ Londrina - Pr., duas vezes por semana, em sessões de 45 minutos por um período de 2 meses, obtendo uma freqüência de 87 por cento. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente, comparando os resultados de pré e pós-testes. O quociente motor em todos os itens foi classificado como "muito inferior", o que se caracteriza como déficit motor, com exceção da organização temporal que foi avaliada como "normal baixo". Após a intervenção, a única área que mostrou avanços foi a de equilíbrio, cujo resultado mostrou que a criança avançou 12 meses na idade motora, não apresentando alterações proporcionais nas outras áreas.

The objective of this study was to analyze the motor development of a ten year old child with ataxic cerebral palsy and the effects of a motor activities program in the swimming pool. Motor development was measured according to the motor assessment and the intervention program of motor activities in the swimming pool conducted at Sesi/Londrina, twice a week, during 45 minute sessions over a 2 month period, with an attendance rate of 87 percent. Data was analyzed descriptively comparing the results with before and after tests. Generally, the motor quotient regarding all items was classified as "very low", characterizing motor deficit, with exception of temporal organization, presented as "normal low". After intervention, the only area that showed positive change was balance; this result showed that the child gained 12 months in motor age, without corresponding alterations in the other areas.

Relação entre índice de massa corporal e habilidade motora grossa em crianças de quatro a seis anos / Relationship between body mass index and gross motor skill in four to six year-old children

Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar a relação entre o desempenho em tarefas de habilidade motora grossa com o índice de massa corporal (IMC) em meninos e meninas de quatro a seis anos de idade. Para tanto, foram analisadas 27 crianças, sendo 16 meninos e 11 meninas, com idade média de 5,64 ± 0,67 anos. As crianças foram submetidas ao Test of Gross Motor Development – Second Edition (TGMD-2), proposto por Ulrich (2000) e ao Kõrperkoordinations-test für Kinder (KTK), proposto por Kiphard e Schilling (1974). A pontuação obtida nos dois testes foi reduzida a uma escala comum a ambos. Foi verificada a correlação entre essa escala e o IMC das crianças por meio do teste de correlação de Spearman, com P < 0,05. Não houve interação significativa entre as variáveis quando analisados meninos e meninas ou quando a análise foi conduzida com distinção de gêneros. Inclusive, não houve interação do IMC com tarefas que exigiam maior demanda de capacidades físicas, o que deve ser verificado em futuros estudos. A partir dos resultados, concluímos que o desempenho das crianças de quatro a seis anos em tarefas que envolviam habilidade motora grossa não se relacionou com o IMC.

This study had to aim to verify the relationship between performance in gross motor skill tasks and body mass index (BMI) in four to six year-old boys and girls. 27 children were analyzed, 16 boys and 11 girls, mean age of 5.64 ± 0.67 years. The children were submitted to the Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition (TGMD-2), proposed by Ulrich (2000) and to the Kõrperkoordinations-test für Kinder (KTK), proposed by Kiphard and Schilling (1974). The punctuation obtained in the two tests was reduced to a scale common to both. The correlation between this scale and the BMI of the children was verified through the Spearman correlation test, with P < 0.05. No significant interaction was observed among variables when boys and girls were analyzed or when the analysis was conducted with gender distinction. Moreover, no interaction between the BMI and tasks which required higher demand of physical capacities was observed, which should be verified in further studies. It was possible to conclude from our results, that the performance of four to six year-old children in tasks which involved gross motor skill did not relate with BMI.